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51.
Mulberry silk is composed of the two major parts of two triangle-like silk fibroin fibers and sericin covering the fibers and a few lipids. After removing the sericin on the raw silk what is left is the silk fibroin fiber. Silk fibroin is the main part of silk accounting for about 75% of the total weight. Silk fibroin contains 18 natural amino acids such as glycine Gly alanine Ala serine Ser serine aspartic acid Asp and tyrosine Tyr . The secondary structure of silk fibroin has three main conformations α-helix β-fold and random coil. Under certain conditions the three conformations can transform into each other and change the mechanical properties of the silk fibroin material. Silk fibroin extracted from silk fiber is a natural polymer with biocompatibility and biodegradability. It can be further processed into different forms of materials nanoparticles films hydrogels sponges etc. It has been applied in many fields such as biomedicine and cosmetics. In order to meet the needs of different fields researchers have conducted further chemical modification treatment based on the original excellent properties of silk fibroin. Meanwhile the active groups on various amino acid residues in silk fibroin also provide chemical reaction sites for the chemical modification of silk fibroin. The chemical modification methods of silk fibroin mainly include amino acid residue modification macromolecular grafting modification and crosslinking reaction modification. Among them amino acid residue modification can modify protein amino acid residues by chemical reagents and some groups can be introduced into the side chains of silk fibroin macromolecules. Grafting modification of silk fibroin macromolecules is one of the main means to bind functional compounds to silk fibroin macromolecular chains. The properties of grafted silk fibroin are affected by the type and grafting rate of the grafts. The chemical crosslinking reaction modification of silk fibroin macromolecules is to make the macromolecular chains connected by covalent bonds and form a network structure by means of crosslinking agents enzymes or ultraviolet irradiation. The cross-linking reaction can not only form covalent bonds within and between the molecular chains of silk fibroin thus changing its structural properties and improving its stability but be used to form covalent bonds with other polymers. At present the chemical modification of silk fibroin is mainly applied in the fields of silk textiles biomedicine and environmental science. In the field of silk textiles graft copolymerization modification of vinyl and other monomers crosslinking agent modification and other methods are used to overcome the shortcomings of silk like being easy to wrinkle. The graft modified monomers mainly include ethylene methacrylate and methylacrylamide. The active groups on crosslinking agents such as polycarboxylic acid / anhydride and epoxide are covalently combined with carboxyl hydroxyl and amino groups on macromolecules of silk fibroin to improve the wrinkle resistance of silk fabrics. In the field of biomedicine silk fibroin materials with appropriate chemical modification have better biological activity drug delivery ability antimicrobial properties and mechanical properties. The optimization of these properties enables silk fibroin materials to show great potential in drug control delivery tissue regeneration and wound repair. The applied research in the field of environmental science mainly focuses on the adsorption separation and catalysis of impurities in water. Therefore the modification of amino acid residues grafting and cross-linking of protein macromolecules can change some important properties of silk fibroin and meet the requirements of various applications and functionalization of silk fibroin. In many fields of chemical modification and application of silk fibroin protein fruitful results have been achieved which has laid a good foundation for the further development of related fields and also shows that the chemical modification of silk fibroin material has great potential and application prospects. However there are still some problems that need to be overcome and further improved in the current chemical modification methods such as mild modification conditions and accurate adjustment of the degree of modification which will be the research direction of related fields in the future. © 2022 Authors. All rights reserved. 相似文献
52.
《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2022,47(2):984-992
The rational design and preparation of bifunctional electrocatalysts with pleasant oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) performance is crucial for extensive commercial applications of rechargeable Zn–air batteries (ZABs). Herein, we report a simple method to obtain multi-metal (Fe, Ni, Zn) embedded in N-doped carbon sheets entangled with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as superior oxygen electrocatalysts (FeNi-NCS-2). The resultant FeNi-NCS-2 exhibits an impressive electrochemical performance, providing a reversible oxygen overpotential as low as 0.758 V. The ZAB with FeNi-NCS-2 as the air cathode shows a promising capacity of 639.71 mAh g?1 at 20 mA cm?2, a power density of 109.8 mW cm?2 and cycling stability of over 130 cycles at 10 mA cm?2 with an energy efficiency of about 55%, superior to the ZAB based on Pt/C–IrO2. The satisfactory electrocatalytic performance is mainly due to the Fe, Ni-based nanoparticles protected by graphitic carbon layers, hierarchical porous lamellar structures that promote the accessibility between the active centers and the electrolyte as well as self-growing tangled carbon nanotubes that provide fast transmission channels. This study presents a facile way for the synthesis of highly efficient ORR/OER bifunctional electrocatalysts for high-performance rechargeable ZABs. 相似文献
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泡沫除尘机理与泡沫药剂配方的要求 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
本文分析了泡沫的产生、泡沫除尘机理和表面活性的结构和性质,认为泡沫药剂配方中一般有起泡剂、湿润剂、稳定剂、增溶剂等助剂(表面活性剂),才能有效地降低粉尘,并通过实验确定了泡沫高度、表面张力和表面活性剂溶液浓度之间的变化关系,为研制泡沫药剂配方提供一定的理论和实验依据。 相似文献
56.
57.
韦漠 《探矿工程(岩土钻掘工程)》2006,33(10):46-48
通过绳索取心钻进金刚石钻头选型试验,介绍了广西资源县向阳坪铀矿区“打滑”地层中绳索取心钻进存在的问题及采取的技术措施。 相似文献
58.
通过实地考察,介绍美国、日本和欧洲的液晶显示技术,着重叙述有源矩阵液晶显示技术、制备关键工艺、新型液晶显示器件的开发以及夏普公司在LCD领域中的领先水平. 相似文献
59.
北票矿区地质动力区划 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
地质动力区划法用以揭示地壳的区域岩体断块结构以及评估其力学状态,逐级使用地形图并结合其它方法查清活断裂,由各级活断裂所分割的Ⅳ级断块结构,展出了矿区现今构造运动的结果,以此为构造格架,确定主应力方向和构造应力区,进行区域构造应力场数值模。 相似文献
60.
针对变频器不能直接用于快速起动、制动和频繁正反转调速场合的问题,设计了基于DSP控制器—TMS320LF2407A能量回馈控制系统,对能量回馈装置电网电动势前馈的SPWM控制。建立了相关的控制模型,实现了单位功率因数正弦波电流回馈和对电流的精确控制。 相似文献